How do you actually make money from ETFs?
Dividend-paying equity ETFs offer potential capital gains from increases in the prices of the stocks your ETF owns, plus dividends paid out by those stocks. Bond fund ETFs may provide more reliable interest income from investments held in government bonds, agency bonds, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, and more.
Dividend-paying equity ETFs offer potential capital gains from increases in the prices of the stocks your ETF owns, plus dividends paid out by those stocks. Bond fund ETFs may provide more reliable interest income from investments held in government bonds, agency bonds, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, and more.
ETF issuers collect any dividends paid by the companies whose stocks are held in the fund, and they then pay those dividends to their shareholders. They may pay the money directly to the shareholders, or reinvest it in the fund.
ETFs can be a great investment for long-term investors and those with shorter-term time horizons. They can be especially valuable to beginning investors. That's because they won't require the time, effort, and experience needed to research individual stocks.
The average ETF return will vary depending on each fund's strategy and goals. However, broad market ETFs generate an average return between 7-10%. You can invest in ETFs that track specific types of stocks, such as high dividend-paying companies.
The single biggest risk in ETFs is market risk. Like a mutual fund or a closed-end fund, ETFs are only an investment vehicle—a wrapper for their underlying investment. So if you buy an S&P 500 ETF and the S&P 500 goes down 50%, nothing about how cheap, tax efficient, or transparent an ETF is will help you.
There is no required minimum holding period for an ETF. But you should be careful about trading an ETF too frequently.
As with stocks and many mutual funds, most ETFs pay their dividends quarterly—once every three months. However, ETFs that offer monthly dividend returns are also available.
An exchange-traded fund, or ETF, allows investors to buy many stocks or bonds at once. Investors buy shares of ETFs, and the money is used to invest according to a certain objective. For example, if you buy an S&P 500 ETF, your money will be invested in the 500 companies in that index.
ETFs or "exchange-traded funds" are exactly as the name implies: funds that trade on exchanges, generally tracking a specific index. When you invest in an ETF, you get a bundle of assets you can buy and sell during market hours—potentially lowering your risk and exposure, while helping to diversify your portfolio.
What is the downside to an ETF?
At any given time, the spread on an ETF may be high, and the market price of shares may not correspond to the intraday value of the underlying securities. Those are not good times to transact business. Make sure you know what an ETF's current intraday value is as well as the market price of the shares before you buy.
You can make money from ETFs by trading them. And some ETFs pay out the money the ETF makes to investors. These payments are called distributions.
“ETFs are effectively a way to invest and have market exposure,” says John DeYonker, Titan head of investor relations. “And they are incredibly cheap.” However, there are disadvantages of ETFs. They come with fees, can stray from the value of their underlying asset, and (like any investment) come with risks.
For example, if the average yield is 3%, that's what we'll use for our calculations. Keep in mind, yields vary based on the investment. Calculate the Investment Needed: To earn $1,000 per month, or $12,000 per year, at a 3% yield, you'd need to invest a total of about $400,000.
In 1980, had you invested a mere $1,000 in what went on to become the top-performing stock of S&P 500, then you would be sitting on a cool $1.2 million today.
Assuming an average annual return rate of about 10% (a typical historical average), a $10,000 investment in the S&P 500 could potentially grow to approximately $25,937 over 10 years.
In fact, 47% of all such funds have closed down, compared with a closure rate of 28% for nonleveraged, noninverse ETFs. "Leveraged and inverse funds generally aren't meant to be held for longer than a day, and some types of leveraged and inverse ETFs tend to lose the majority of their value over time," Emily says.
An ETF follows a particular index and the securities are present at the same weight in it. So, it can be zero when all the securities go to zero.
You expose your portfolio to much higher risk with sector ETFs, so you should use them sparingly, but investing 5% to 10% of your total portfolio assets may be appropriate. If you want to be highly conservative, don't use these at all.
If you buy substantially identical security within 30 days before or after a sale at a loss, you are subject to the wash sale rule. This prevents you from claiming the loss at this time.
Do you pay taxes on ETF gains?
For most ETFs, selling after less than a year is taxed as a short-term capital gain. ETFs held for longer than a year are taxed as long-term gains. If you sell an ETF, and buy the same (or a substantially similar) ETF after less than 30 days, you may be subject to the wash sale rule.
$10,000 invested in the S&P 500 at the beginning of 2000 would have grown to $32,527 over 20 years — an average return of 6.07% per year.
Most ETFs pay dividends quarterly, but some offer investors monthly earnings, from a commodity ETF to an index ETF, currency ETF and more. The rising popularity of monthly dividend ETFs has prompted major hedge fund firms to offer a large selection.
Since the job of most ETFs is to track an index, we can assess an ETF's efficiency by weighing the fee rate the fund charges against how well it “tracks”—or replicates the performance of—its index. ETFs that charge low fees and track their indexes tightly are highly efficient and do their job well.
| Income ETF | 30-day SEC yield | Expense ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF (VYM) | 3.1% | 0.06% |
| WisdomTree U.S. Quality Dividend Growth Fund (DGRW) | 1.6% | 0.28% |
| iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (HYG) | 7.3% | 0.49% |
| JPMorgan Equity Premium Income ETF (JEPI) | 7% | 0.35% |
